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A History of Europe
Contents
(and malcontents)
Before 200 B.C.
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Introduction |
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Out of the Ice |
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From Cave to Village |
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The Megalith Builders |
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The Minoans |
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The Bronze Age and the Indo-European Migration |
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The Mycenaeans |
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The Phoenician Pioneers |
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The Villanovan Culture |
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The Celts |
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Pre-Roman Britain |
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The Legends of the Emerald Isle |
1000 to 197 B.C.
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What Made Classical Greece So Special? |
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The Archaic Period |
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Colonization |
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Aristocracy, Oligarchy, and Tyranny |
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Militant Sparta |
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The Athenian Road to Democracy |
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The Persian Wars |
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Why the Greeks Won |
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Athenian Democracy |
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Greek Medicine |
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Hellenic Poetry and Drama |
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Hellenic Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery |
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Athenian Society |
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Athenian Imperialism |
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Athenian-Spartan Rivalry |
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The Peloponnesian War |
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Aristocracy, Oligarchy, and Tyranny |
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Spartan and Theban Ascendancy |
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Philip of Macedon |
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Alexander's Empire Up For Grabs |
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Hellenistic Devolution |
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Pre-Classical Greek Religion |
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The Early Philosophers |
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The Sophists and Socrates |
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Plato and Aristotle |
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Other Developments in Greek Philosophy |
753 to 27 B.C.
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The Etruscans |
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The Founding of Rome |
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The Roman Monarchy, 753-509 B.C. |
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The Roman Republic: The Early Years |
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Rome Becomes the Capital of Italy |
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The Samnite Wars |
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Pyrrhus |
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Carthage |
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The First Punic War |
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Hannibal and the Second Punic War |
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Roman Intervention in the East |
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The Third Punic War |
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Growing Pains |
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The Reforms of the Gracchi |
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Marius vs. Sulla |
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Pompey's Campaigns and the Catiline Conspiracy |
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The Rise of Julius Caesar |
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The Gallic Wars |
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Caesar Rules Alone |
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The Second Triumvirate |
27 B.C. to 180 A.D.
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Caesar Augustus |
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Tiberius and Caligula |
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Claudius |
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Nero |
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The Flavian Dynasty |
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The Antonines: "Five Good Emperors" |
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The Roman Achievement |
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Economic Prosperity |
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Rome, Imperial Capital |
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Roman Engineering and Architecture |
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Knowledge and Science in the Roman Empire |
Chapter 5: Decline and Fall
180 to 476 A.D.
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Troubled Times Begin |
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The Severan Dynasty |
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The Barbarians Learn New Tricks |
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The Soldier Emperors |
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Diocletian |
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Constantine I |
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Constantinian Christianity |
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Announcing the Middle Ages |
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Constantine's Successors Muddle Through |
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Julian the Apostate |
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The House of Valentinian |
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Population Figures of the Late Empire Period |
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The Beginning of the End of the Classical World |
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Notable Fifth-Century Christians |
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Alaric the Visigoth |
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Gaiseric the Lame |
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Attila the Hun |
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The Arthurian Mythos |
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The Final Collapse of the West |
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The East Survives |
476 to 741
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The Rise of Feudalism |
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Clovis |
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Theodoric the Ostrogoth |
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Justinian |
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Justinian's Campaigns |
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Avars, Lombards and Slavs on the Move |
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Heraclius |
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The Byzantine Way |
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The Visigoth Kingdom |
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The Merovingian Dynasty |
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England: The Heptarchy |
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Commerce in the Dark Ages |
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The Church's Role in the Recovery of the West |
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Against Islam's First Wave |
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Population in the Dark Ages |
741 to 1000
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Iconoclasm: Act II |
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Charlemagne |
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Wessex and the Carolingian States |
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The Fury of the Northmen |
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Alfred the Great |
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The Atlantic Saga |
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Commerce in the Viking Era |
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The Church Backslides and Splits |
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Macedonian Revival |
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The Caliphate of Cordova |
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The First Reich and the Recovery of Christendom |
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A New Beginning |
1000 to 1300
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Basil the Bulgar-Slayer |
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The Normans Go to Italy |
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William the Conqueror |
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The Norman Kingdoms |
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The Papal Investiture Controversy |
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El Cid and the Reconquest |
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Byzantium Under Siege Again |
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Frederick Barbarossa |
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Innocent III |
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Commerce in the High Middle Ages |
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Population Growth and Medieval Republics |
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The Plantagenets |
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Centralization in France |
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Frederick II, Il Stupor Mundi |
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The Magna Carta and the First Parliament |
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The Evolution of Castles |
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Central Europe's Technological Experiment |
1300 to 1485
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The Hanseatic League and the Merchants of Venice |
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Scotland vs. England |
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The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy |
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The Hundred Years War: From Sluys to Crécy |
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The Black Death |
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The Hundred Years War: Reverses and Revolts |
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The Rise of the Hapsburgs |
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The Union of Kalmar |
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The Great Schism |
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Wycliffe and the Hussites |
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The Failure of Greenland |
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The Hundred Years War Resolved |
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The End of the Byzantine Empire |
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Burgundy's Bid for Glory |
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The Wars of the Roses |
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Showdown in Spain |
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Renaissance Italy |
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The Early Renaissance Men |
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Economics at the End of the Middle Ages |
1485 to 1618
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How the White Man Got Ahead of Everybody Else |
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The Politics of Europe at the End of the Fifteenth Century |
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The Subjugation of Italy |
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Artists of the High Renaissance |
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Machiavelli |
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The Beginning of the Spanish Century |
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Sixteenth-Century Economics |
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The Reformation |
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The Ups and Downs of Charles V |
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Revolts in France and the Netherlands |
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The Spanish Armada |
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Merrie Olde England |
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Sweden Returns to the Stage |
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How to Elect a King |
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North to the Orient |
1618 to 1772
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The Thirty Years War: An Overview |
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The Bohemian Phase |
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The Danish Phase |
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The Swedish Phase |
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The French Phase and the Treaty of Westphalia |
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England's Political Experiment |
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Sweden at its Peak |
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The Sun King |
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The War of the Spanish Succession |
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Statistics on Population and Religion for the Early Eighteenth Century |
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Scientific, Literary and Military Revolutions |
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The Wars of the Quadruple Alliance and the Polish Succession |
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The War of the Austrian Succession |
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The Seven Years War |
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The First Partition of Poland |
1772 to 1815
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It All Started in America |
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The First French Revolution |
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The Reign of Terror |
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The Directory |
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The End of Poland--For Now |
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Enter Napoleon Bonaparte |
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The United Irishmen's Revolt |
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The First Consul Takes on the Second Coalition |
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The First French Empire |
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Napoleon at the Height of Power |
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From Moscow to Elba |
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The Hundred Days |
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Population and Economics at the End of the Revolutionary Era |
1815 to 1914
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The Congress of Vienna |
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Cracks in the Metternich System |
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The July Revolution and the Birth of Belgium |
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The Rothschilds: Financial Royalty |
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The German Confederation |
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Demographics, 1815-1848 |
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Britain Goes Industrial |
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The Year of Unsuccessful Revolutions |
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Two Steps Forward, One Step Back |
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The First World's Fair |
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The Unification of Italy |
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The Iron Chancellor's Bag of Tricks |
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The Franco-Prussian War |
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The Paris Commune |
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Demographics, 1848-1871 |
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Bismarck's Peace |
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The Age of Imperialism |
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Demographics, 1871-1914 |
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A New Century Begins |
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How NOT to Win Friends and Influence People |
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The Powder Keg of Europe |
1914 to 1945
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It Started as the Third Balkan War |
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The Lights Go Out |
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The Schlieffen Plan |
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The Decisive Campaign |
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Other Events of 1914 |
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1915 |
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1916 |
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1917 |
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The Last German Offensive |
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The Central Powers Give Up |
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Disillusionment at Versailles |
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The Irish Free State |
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From Idealism to Upheaval |
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The Rise of Mussolini |
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The Scourge of the Depression |
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War Games in Ethiopia and Spain |
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Suddenly, It Became Hitler's Austria |
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The Munich Agreement and the Maginot Line |
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The Blitzkrieg Unleashed |
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The Fall of the West |
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The Battle of Britain and the Campaigns of 1941 |
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Under the Swastika |
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The "Final Solution" |
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Underground Resistance |
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The Battle of the Atlantic |
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The Air War |
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The Underbelly of the Axis |
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The Liberation of France |
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The Final 150 Days |
1945 to 2000
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Postwar Territorial Changes |
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The Nuremberg Trials |
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The Iron Curtain Descends |
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The Marshall Plan |
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Occupied Germany and the Berlin Airlift |
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Yugoslavia Breaks With Moscow |
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The Postwar Leaders of Western Europe |
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Unrest in the Soviet Empire |
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 Albania |
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Czechoslovakia |
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East Germany |
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Hungary |
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Poland |
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Romania |
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Yugoslavia |
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The Late-Blooming Mediterranean Republics |
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The Nations That Tried to Buy Happiness |
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Northern Ireland's Troubles |
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The End of the Cold War |
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A United States of Europe? |
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Eastern Europe in the 1990s |
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Albania |
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Bulgaria |
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The Czech Republic and Slovakia |
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Germany |
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Hungary |
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Poland |
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Romania |
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The Yugoslav War: The Slovenian and Croatian Phases |
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The Yugoslav War: The Bosnian Phase |
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The Yugoslav War: The Albanian Phase |
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Demographics, 1914-2000 |
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Europe Today |
© Copyright 2001 Charles Kimball
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