A History of Europe
Contents
(and malcontents)
Chapter 1: Pre-history and Forgotten History
Before 200 B.C.
 |
Introduction |
|
Out of the Ice |
|
From Cave to Village |
|
The Megalith Builders |
|
The Minoans |
|
The Bronze Age and the Indo-European Migration |
|
The Mycenaeans |
|
The Phoenician Pioneers |
|
The Villanovan Culture |
|
The Celts |
|
Pre-Roman Britain |
|
The Legends of the Emerald Isle |
Chapter 2: Classical Greece
1000 to 197 B.C.
|
What Made Classical Greece So Special? |
|
The Archaic Period |
|
Colonization |
|
Aristocracy, Oligarchy, and Tyranny |
|
Militant Sparta |
|
The Athenian Road to Democracy |
|
The Persian Wars |
|
Why the Greeks Won |
|
Athenian Democracy |
|
Greek Medicine |
|
Hellenic Poetry and Drama |
|
Hellenic Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery |
|
Athenian Society |
|
Athenian Imperialism |
|
Athenian-Spartan Rivalry |
|
The Peloponnesian War |
|
Spartan and Theban Ascendancy |
|
Philip of Macedon |
|
Alexander the Pretty-Good |
|
Alexander's Empire Up For Grabs |
|
Hellenistic Devolution |
|
Pre-Classical Greek Religion |
|
The Early Philosophers |
|
The Sophists and Socrates |
|
Plato and Aristotle |
|
Other Developments in Greek Philosophy |
Chapter 3: The Rise of Rome
753 to 27 B.C.
|
The Etruscans |
|
The Founding of Rome |
|
The Roman Monarchy, 753-509 B.C. |
|
The Roman Republic: The Early Years |
|
Rome Becomes the Capital of Italy |
|
The Samnite Wars |
|
Pyrrhus |
|
Carthage |
|
The First Punic War |
|
Interbellum |
|
Hannibal and the Second Punic War |
|
Roman Intervention in the East |
|
The Third Punic War |
|
Growing Pains |
|
The Reforms of the Gracchi |
|
Marius |
|
The Social War |
|
Sulla |
|
Pompey's Campaigns and Spartacus |
|
The Catiline Conspiracy |
|
The Rise of Julius Caesar |
|
The Gallic Wars |
|
Caesar Rules Alone |
|
The Second Triumvirate |
27 B.C. to 180 A.D.
|
Caesar Augustus |
|
Tiberius |
|
Caligula |
|
Claudius I |
|
Nero |
|
The Flavian Dynasty |
|
The Antonines: "Five Good Emperors" |
|
The Roman Achievement |
|
Economic Prosperity |
|
Rome, Imperial Capital |
|
Roman Engineering and Architecture |
|
Knowledge and Science in the Roman Empire |
Chapter 5: Decline and Fall
180 to 476 A.D.
|
Troubled Times Begin |
|
The Severan Dynasty |
|
The Barbarians Learn New Tricks |
|
The Soldier Emperors |
|
Diocletian |
|
The Tetrarchy Breaks Down |
|
Constantine I |
|
Constantinian Christianity |
|
Announcing the Middle Ages |
|
Constantine's Successors Muddle Through |
|
Julian the Apostate |
|
The House of Valentinian |
|
The Beginning of the End of the Classical World |
|
Notable Fifth-Century Christians |
|
Alaric the Visigoth |
|
Gaiseric the Lame |
|
Attila the Hun |
|
The Arthurian Mythos |
|
The Final Collapse of the West |
|
The East Survives |
Chapter 6: The West at its Lowest Ebb
476 to 741
|
The Rise of Feudalism |
|
What Really Happened in Medieval Warfare |
|
Clovis |
|
Theodoric the Ostrogoth |
|
Justinian |
|
Justinian's Campaigns |
|
Avars, Lombards and Slavs on the Move |
|
Heraclius |
|
The Byzantine Way |
|
The Visigoth Kingdom |
|
The Merovingian Dynasty |
|
England: The Heptarchy |
|
Commerce in the Dark Ages |
|
The Church's Role in the Recovery of the West |
|
Against Islam's First Wave: The Empire and the Eastern Church |
|
Iconoclasm: Act I |
|
Population in the Dark Ages |
Chapter 7: The Viking Era
741 to 1000
|
Iconoclasm: Act II |
|
Charlemagne |
|
The Carolingian Renaissance |
|
Wessex and the Carolingian States |
|
The Fury of the Northmen |
|
Alfred the Great |
|
The Atlantic Saga |
|
Commerce in the Viking Era |
|
The Church Backslides and Splits |
|
Basil the Magnificent |
|
The Macedonian Revival Continues |
|
Introducing Basil II |
|
The Caliphate of Cordova |
|
The First Reich and the Recovery of Christendom |
|
A New Beginning |
Chapter 8: The High Middle Ages
1000 to 1300
|
Basil the Bulgar-Slayer |
|
The Kingmaker Princesses |
|
The Normans Go to Italy |
|
William the Conqueror |
|
The Norman Kingdoms |
|
The Papal Investiture Controversy |
|
El Cid and the Reconquest |
|
Byzantium Under Siege Again |
|
Frederick Barbarossa |
|
Innocent III |
|
Commerce in the High Middle Ages |
|
Population Growth and Medieval Republics |
|
The Plantagenets |
|
Centralization in France |
|
Frederick II, Il Stupor Mundi |
|
The Mongol Horde in Poland and Hungary |
|
The Embattled Empire |
|
The Magna Carta and the First Parliament |
|
The Evolution of Castles |
|
Central Europe's Technological Experiment |
Chapter 9: Transition and Turmoil
1300 to 1485
|
The Hanseatic League and the Merchants of Venice |
|
Scotland vs. England |
|
The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy |
|
The Hundred Years War: From Sluys to Crécy |
|
The Black Death |
|
The Hundred Years War: Reverses and Revolts |
|
The Rise of the Hapsburgs |
|
The Birth of Switzerland |
|
The Union of Kalmar |
|
The Great Schism |
|
Wycliffe and the Hussites |
|
The Failure of Greenland |
|
The Hundred Years War Resolved |
|
The End of the Byzantine Empire |
|
Nice Knowing You, Burgundy |
|
The Wars of the Roses, Phase 1 (1455-65) |
|
The Wars of the Roses, Phase 2 (1469-71) |
|
The Wars of the Roses, Phase 3 (1483-85) |
|
Showdown in Spain |
|
Renaissance Italy |
|
The Early Renaissance Men |
|
Economics at the End of the Middle Ages |
|
The First Age of Invention |
Chapter 10: The Age When Europe Woke Up
1485 to 1618
|
How the White Man Got Ahead of Everybody Else |
|
The Politics of Europe at the End of the Fifteenth Century |
|
The Subjugation of Italy |
|
Artists of the High Renaissance |
|
Machiavelli |
|
The Beginning of the Spanish Century |
|
Sixteenth-Century Population and Economics |
|
The Reformation |
|
The Ups and Downs of Charles V |
|
Revolts in France and the Netherlands |
|
The Spanish Armada |
|
Merrie Olde England |
|
Sweden Returns to the Stage |
|
How to Elect a King |
Chapter 11: The Game of Princes and Politics
1618 to 1772
|
The Thirty Years War: An Overview |
|
The Bohemian Phase |
|
The Danish Phase |
|
The Swedish Phase |
|
The French Phase and the Treaty of Westphalia |
|
England's Political Experiment |
|
The Stuart Restoration |
|
Sweden at its Peak |
|
The Sun King |
|
The War of the Spanish Succession |
|
Statistics on Population and Religion for the Early Eighteenth Century |
|
Scientific, Literary and Military Revolutions |
|
The Wars of the Quadruple Alliance and the Polish Succession |
|
The War of the Austrian Succession |
|
The Seven Years War |
|
The First Partition of Poland |
Chapter 12: A Generation of Revolution
1772 to 1815
|
It All Started in America |
|
The First French Revolution |
|
The Reign of Terror |
|
The Directory |
|
The End of Poland--For Now |
|
Enter Napoleon Bonaparte |
|
The United Irishmen's Revolt |
|
The First Consul Takes on the Second Coalition |
|
The First French Empire |
|
Napoleon at the Height of Power |
|
From Moscow to Elba |
|
The Hundred Days |
|
Population at the End of the Revolutionary Era |
|
The Industrial Revolution Begins |
Chapter 13: The Age of Industry
1815 to 1914
|
The Congress of Vienna |
|
Cracks in the Metternich System |
|
The July Revolution and the Birth of Belgium |
|
The Rothschilds: Financial Royalty |
|
The German Confederation |
|
The Sonderbund War |
|
Demographics, 1815-1848 |
|
Britain Goes Industrial |
|
The Year of Unsuccessful Revolutions |
|
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back |
|
The First World's Fair |
|
The Unification of Italy |
|
The Iron Chancellor's Bag of Tricks |
|
The Franco-Prussian War |
|
The Paris Commune |
|
Demographics, 1848-1871 |
|
Bismarck's Peace |
|
The Age of Imperialism |
|
Demographics, 1871-1914 |
|
A New Century Begins |
|
How NOT to Win Friends and Influence People |
|
The Powder Keg of Europe |
1914 to 1919
|
It Started as the Third Balkan War |
|
The Lights Go Out |
|
The Schlieffen Plan |
|
The Decisive Campaign |
|
Other Events of 1914 |
|
1915 |
|
1916 |
|
1917 |
|
The Last German Offensive |
|
The Central Powers Give Up |
1919 to 1939
|
Disillusionment at Versailles |
|
The Free Cities |
|
The Irish Free State |
|
The Ex-Monarchs |
|
From Idealism to Upheaval |
|
The Rise of Mussolini |
|
The Scourge of the Depression |
|
War Games in Ethiopia and Spain |
|
Suddenly, It Became Hitler's Austria |
|
The Munich Agreement |
|
The Maginot Line |
1939 to 1945
|
The Blitzkrieg Unleashed |
|
Hitler Strikes North |
|
The Fall of the West |
|
The Battle of Britain and the Campaigns of 1941 |
|
Under the Swastika |
|
The "Final Solution" |
|
Underground Resistance |
|
The Battle of the Atlantic |
|
The Air War |
|
The Underbelly of the Axis |
|
The Liberation of France |
|
The Final 150 Days |
1945 to 1990
|
Due to Lack of Interest, World War III was Canceled |
|
Postwar Territorial Changes |
|
The Nuremberg Trials |
|
The Iron Curtain Descends |
|
The Marshall Plan |
|
Occupied Germany and the Berlin Airlift |
|
Yugoslavia Breaks With Moscow |
|
The Postwar Leaders of Western Europe |
|
Unrest in the Soviet Empire |
|
Fascism's Last Stand |
|
The Nations That Tried to Buy Happiness |
|
Northern Ireland's Troubles |
|
The Common Market |
|
The End of the Cold War |
1990 to 2000
|
The Late-Blooming Mediterranean Republics |
|
The Northern Ireland Crisis -- Solved |
|
A United States of Europe? |
|
Eastern Europe in the 1990s |
|
The Yugoslav Wars: The Slovenian and Croatian Phases |
|
The Yugoslav Wars: The Bosnian Phase |
|
The Yugoslav Wars: The Albanian Phase |
|
Demographics, 1914-2000 |
|
Europe Today |
Support this site!
© Copyright 2021 Charles Kimball
Remember to check out the rest of the content on this site.
|
