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PHARAOHS OF ANCIENT EGYPT AND KINGS OF ANCIENT NUBIA
Here is the chronology I currently use for Egyptian history. Click on one of these links to jump to the period that interests you:
- The Archaic Period
- The Old Kingdom
- The First Intermediate Period
- The Middle Kingdom
- The Second Intermediate Period
- The New Kingdom
- The Third Intermediate Period
- The Late Period
| Red table: ruled only in Lower Egypt. |
| White table: ruled only in Upper Egypt. |
| Red text: queen. |
| Black table: Nubian |
| Purple text: Persian |
| Green table: Greek |
The Archaic Period
"Dynasty 0"
3182-2819 B.C.
|
Lower Egypt
|
Upper Egypt
|
The I Dynasty
2819-2642 B.C.
| Hor-Aha | 2819-2785 |
| Djer (Zer) | 2785-2739 |
| Djet | 2739-2732 |
| Merneith | 2732-2717 |
| Den (Udimu) | 2732-2690 |
| Adjib (Anedjib, Enezib) | 2690-2676 |
| Semerkhet | 2676-2668 |
| Qa'a | 2668-2642 |
| Sekhet? | (a northern rebel) |
| Sneferka? | (ditto) |
The II Dynasty
2642-2529 B.C.
| Hotepsekhemwy | 2642-2623 |
| Nebra (Kakau or Raneb) | 2623-2613 |
| Ninetjer | 2613-2576 |
| Weneg, Sened, Nwbnefer, Neferkara, Neferkaseker | 2576-2556 |
| Sekhemib (Perenmaat) / Peribsen | 2576-2559 |
| Khasekhem / Khasekhemwy | 2559-2529 |
The Old Kingdom
The III Dynasty
2529-2456 B.C.
| Sanakht (Nebka) | 2529-2511 |
| Djoser (Zoser) | 2511-2492 |
| Sekhemkhet (Djoser-Teti) | 2492-2486 |
| Khaba | 2486-2480 |
| Neferkare Huni | 2480-2456 |
The IV Dynasty
2456-2346 B.C.
| Snefru | 2456-2432 |
| Khufu | 2432-2409 |
| Radjedef | 2409-2401 |
| Khafre | 2401-2372 |
| Hordjedef | 2372-2370 |
| Menkaure | 2370-2352 |
| Bakare? | 2352-2348 |
| Shepseskaf | 2348-2346 |
The V Dynasty
2346-2220 B.C.
| Userkaf | 2346-2339 |
| Sahure | 2339-2327 |
| Neferirkare Kakai | 2327-2307 |
| Shepseskare Isi | 2307-2300 |
| Neferefre/Khaneferre | 2300-2297 |
| Niuserre Ini | 2297-2286 |
| Menkauhor Ikauhor | 2286-2278 |
| Djedkare Isesi (Izozi) | 2278-2250 |
| Unas | 2250-2220 |
The VI Dynasty
2220-2054 B.C.
| Teti | 2220-2190 |
| Userkare | 2190-2188 |
| Pepi I | 2188-2168 |
| Merenre Antyemsaf I | 2168-2161 |
| Pepi II | 2161-2067 |
| Merenre Antyemsaf II | 2067-2066 |
| Nitokerty (Nitocris) | 2066-2054 |
The First Intermediate Period
The VII Dynasty
2054-2039 B.C.
| Neferka(re) Pepisoneb | 2054-2051 |
| Nefer(kamin) Anu | 2051-2048 |
| Kakare Ibi | 2048-2046 |
| Neferkaure | 2046-2042 |
| Neferkauhor Khuwyhapi | 2042-2040 |
| Neferirkare | 2040-2039 |
The VIII Dynasty
2067-1939 B.C.
| Netjerikare | 2067-2062 |
| Menkare | 2062-2057 |
| Neferkare I | 2057-2052 |
| Neferkare Nebi | 2052-2048 |
| Djedkare Shemay | 2048-2044 |
| Neferkare Khendu | 2044-2039 |
| Merenhor | 2039-2019 |
| Neferkamin | 2019-1999 |
| Nikare | 1999-1979 |
| Neferkare Tereru | 1979-1959 |
| Neferkahor | 1959-1939 |
The IX & X Dynasties
1939-1839 B.C.
| [Nebkaure] Khety I (Akhtoy) | 1939-1933 |
| ? | 1933-1927 |
| Neferkare II | 1927-1921 |
| [Meryibre] Khety II | 1921-1915 |
| Senen[re Khety] | 1915-1909 |
| Wahkare Khety III | 1909-1903 |
| Mer[ikare] | 1903-1897 |
| Shed[. . .] | 1897-1891 |
| H[. . .] | 1891-1885 |
| 9 kings | 1885-1839 |
The Middle Kingdom
The XI Dynasty
1939-1796 B.C.
| Mentuhotep I | 1939-1931 |
| Inyotef I | 1931-1916 |
| Inyotef II | 1916-1867 |
| Inyotef III | 1867-1859 |
| Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II | 1859-1808 |
| Saankhkare Mentuhotep III | 1808-1797 |
| Nebtaure Mentuhotep IV | 1797-1796 |
The XII Dynasty
1796-1632 B.C.
| Amenemhet I | 1796-1767 |
| Senusret I | 1767-1722 |
| Amenemhet II | 1737-1703 |
| Senusret II | 1703-1684 |
| Senusret III | 1696-1658 |
| Amenemhet III | 1678-1632 |
| Amenemhet IV | 1643-1635 |
| Sebekneferu | 1635-1632 |
The Second Intermediate Period
The XIII Dynasty
1632-1445 B.C.
| Khutawyre Wegaf | 1632-1631 |
| Sekhemkare | 1631-1626 |
| Interregnum | 1626-1621 |
| Amenemhet V "the Amu" | 1621-1616 |
| Sehetepibre I | 1616-1611 |
| Iufni | 1611-1606 |
| Sankhibre | 1606-1601 |
| Smenkhkare | 1601-1596 |
| Sehetepibre II | 1596-1591 |
| Sewadjkare I | 1591-1586 |
| Nedjemib[...]re | 1586-1581 |
| Sebekhotep I | 1581-1580 |
| Renseneb | 1580-1579 |
| Awibre Hor I | 1579-1574 |
| Sedjef[...]kare | 1574-1569 |
| Sekhemre-khutawy Sebekhotep II | 1569-1654 |
| Userkare Khendjer | 1654-1559 |
| Smenkhkare Mermesha | 1559-1554 |
| Inyotef IV | 1554-1549 |
| [. . .]set | 1549-1544 |
| Sekhemkare Sebekhotep III | 1544-1542 |
| Khasekhemre Neferhotep I | 1542-1532 |
| Sithathor | 1532 |
| Khaneferre Sebekhotep IV | 1532-1513 |
| Khahotepre Sebekhotep V | 1513-1509 |
| Wahibre Iayib | 1509-1499 |
| Merneferre Ay | 1499-1476 |
| Merhotepre Sebekhotep VI | 1476-1475 |
| Sankhrenesewadjtu | 1475-1473 |
| Mersekhemre Ined | 1473-1471 |
| Sewadjkare Hori | 1471-1466 |
| Merkaure Sebekhotep VII | 1466-1465 |
| Sebekhotep VIII? | 1465-1461 |
| ? | 1461-1457 |
| Dudimose | 1457-1453 |
| Ibi | 1453-1449 |
| [...]webenre Hor II | 1449-1445 |
The XIV Dynasty
1631-1447 B.C.
| 7 kings | 21 years? |
| Merkheperre | 4 years? |
| Merka[re] | 4 years? |
| 9 kings | 27 years? |
| Nehesy | 4 years? |
| Khatyre | 4 years? |
| Nebfaure | 1 year |
| Sehebre | 3 years |
| Merdjefare | 3 years |
| Sewadjkare II | 1 year |
| Nebdjefare | 1 year |
| Webenre | 1 year? |
| ? | 1 year |
| ? | 4 years |
| [. . .]ben[re] | 3 years |
| Auibre | 4 years? |
| Heribre | 4 years? |
| Nebsenre | 4 years? |
| ? | 3 years? |
| Sekheperenre | 2 years |
| Djedkherure | 2 years |
| Sankhibre | 4 years? |
| Nefertemre | 4 years? |
| Sekhem[. . .]re | 4 years? |
| Kakemure | 4 years? |
| Neferibre | 4 years? |
| Ya[. . .] | 3 years? |
| Kha[. . .]re | 3 years? |
| Aakare | 3 years? |
| Smen[. . .]re | 3 years? |
| Djed[. . .]re I | 3 years? |
| 10 kings | 30 years? |
| Senefer[ka]re | 3 years? |
| Men[. . .]re | 3 years? |
| Djed[. . .]re II | 3 years? |
| 3 kings | 9 years? |
The XV Dynasty
1290-1183 B.C.
| Shalek? | 1290-1272 |
| Bebankh? | 1272-1254 |
| Anak[tau] Khyan | 1254-1236 |
| Yanassi | 1236-1218 |
| Auserre Apepi | 1218-1200 |
| Khamudy | 1200-1183 |
The XVI Dynasty
1446-1285 B.C.
| Sekhemre-wahhau Rahotep | 3 years |
| Sekhemre-wadjhau Sebekemsaf I | 16 years |
| Sekhemre-se[...] | 1 year |
| Sewadjenre [...] | 1 year |
| Nebirierau I | 26 years |
| Nebirierau II | 19 years? |
| Semenenre | 19 years? |
| Seuserenre | 19 years? |
| Sekhemre-shedwaset Sebekemsaf II | 18 years? |
| ? | 18 years? |
| ? | 2 years |
| ? | 1 year |
| ? | 18 years? |
The XVII Dynasty
1285-1194 B.C.
| Sebekemsaf III | 1285-1259 |
| Inyotef IV | 1259-1235? |
| Senakhtenre' Tao I | 1235-1211? |
| Sekenenre Tao II | 1211-1197 |
| Kamose | 1197-1194 |
The New Kingdom
The XVIII Dynasty
1194-953 B.C.
| Ahmose | 1194-1170 |
| Amenhotep I | 1170-1150 |
| Thutmose I | 1150-1139 |
| Thutmose II | 1139-1138 |
| Hatshepsut | 1138-1116 |
| Thutmose III | 1138-1085 |
| Amenhotep II | 1085-1059 |
| Thutmose IV | 1059-1050 |
| Amenhotep III | 1050-1012 |
| Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten | 1015-998 |
| Neferneferuaten? (Nefertiti?) | 1004-1000 |
| Smenkhkare | 998-995 |
| Tutankhamen | 995-986 |
| Ay | 986-982 |
| Horemheb | 982-953 |
The XIX Dynasty
953-855 B.C.
| Ramses I | 953-951 |
| Seti I | 951-940? |
| Ramses II | 940-873 |
| Merneptah | 885-865 |
| Amenmesses | 873-868 |
| Seti II | 868-862 |
| Siptah | 862-856 |
| Tausret (Twosret) | 862-855 |
The XX Dynasty
868-817 B.C.
| Setnakht | 868-864 |
| Ramses III | 866-835 |
| Ramses IV | 856-850 |
| Ramses V | 850-847 |
| Ramses VI | 847-841 |
| Ramses VII | 841-836 |
| Ramses VIII | 836-835 |
| Ramses IX | 835-816 |
| Wehem-mesut (repeating of births?) | 829-823 |
| Ramses X | 821-813 |
| Ramses XI | 847-817 |
The Third Intermediate Period
The XXI Dynasty
829-711 B.C.
| Smendes I (Nesunebded) | 829-803 |
| Amenemisu | 803-799 |
| Psusennes I | 799-751 |
| Amenemopet | 753-744 |
| Siamun | 744-725 |
| Psusennes II | 725-711 |
High Priests at Thebes
823-665 B.C.
| Herihor | 823-817 |
| Piankh | 817-813 |
| Pinedjem I | 813-788 |
| Masaharta | 788-772 |
| Menkheperre | 772-719 |
| Smendes II | 719-717 |
| Pinedjem II | 717-696 |
| Psusennes III | 696-672 |
The XXII Dynasty
823-688 B.C.
| Osorkon (the Elder) | 829-823 |
| Hedjkheperre Shoshenk I (Bubastis) | 823-803 |
| Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I (Bubastis) | 803-789 |
| Usermare Takelot I (Bubastis) | 789-781 |
| Usermare Osorkon II (Tanis and later Bubastis) | 785-762 |
| Hekakheperre Shoshenk II (Thebes and Heracleopolis) | 772-769 |
| Harsiese (Thebes and Heracleopolis) | 769-764 |
| Hedjkheperre Takelot II (Thebes and Heracleopolis) | 764-739 |
| Usermare Shoshenk III (Bubastis and later Tanis) | 762-723 |
| Akhperre Shoshenk V | 723-709 |
| Usermare Pimay | 709-703 |
| Akhperre Osorkon IV | 703-688 |
The XXIII Dynasty
755-671 B.C.
| Usermare Pedubast | 755-730 |
| Iuput I | 741-740 |
| Shoshenk IV | 730-723 |
| Osorkon III | 723-696 |
| Takelot III | 696-689 |
| Rudamen | 689-686 |
| Iuput II | 686-675 |
| Shoshenk VI | 675-671 |
The XXIV Dynasty
730-715 B.C.
| Tefnakht I | 730-720 |
| Bakenranef | 720-715 |
The XXV Dynasty (Kush, the Napatan era)
953-656 B.C.
(Note: The existence of the monarchs before Kashta is questionable.)
| Makeda (The Queen of Sheba?) | 953-923 |
| Menelik I | 922-898 |
| Hanyon | 897 |
| Sera I (Zerah the Ethiopian?) | 896-871 |
| Amenhotep Zagdur | 870-840 |
| Aksumay Ramissu | 839-820 |
| Awseyo Sera II | 819-782 |
| Alara (Tawasya?) | 781-760 |
| Kashta (Abrahyus Wiyankihi?) | 760-747 |
| Piye (Piankhi) | 747-716 |
| Shabaka | 716-702 |
| Shebitku (Shabataka) | 704-684 |
| Taharqa | 690-664 |
| Tanwetamani | 664-653 |
| Atlanersa | 653-643 |
| Senkamanisken | 643-623 |
| Anlamani | 623-593 |
| Aspelta | 593-568 |
(Napata sacked by the XXVI dynasty, Kushite capital moved upstream to Meroë)
The Late Period
The XXVI Dynasty
685-525 B.C.
| Tefnakht II (Nubian governor, also called Stephinates) | 685-678 |
| Nekauba | 678-672 |
| Necho I | 672-664 |
| Psamtek I (Psammetich) | 664-610 |
| Necho II | 610-595 |
| Psamtek II | 595-589 |
| Apries (Hophra) | 589-569 |
| Amasis (Ahmose II) | 569-526 |
| Psamtek III | 526-525 |
The XXVII Dynasty
525-404 B.C.
| Cambyses | 529-522 |
| Smerdis | 522 |
| Darius the Great | 522-486 |
| Xerxes I | 486-465 |
| Artaxerxes I | 465-424 |
| Xerxes II | 424-423 |
| Darius II | 423-404 |
The XXVIII Dynasty
404-397 B.C.
| Amyrtaeus | 404-397 |
The XXIX Dynasty
397-378 B.C.
| Nepherites I | 397-391 |
| Achoris | 391-378 |
| Psammuthis | 390 |
| Nepherites II | 378 |
The XXX Dynasty
378-337 B.C.
| Nectanebo I | 378-360 |
| Tachos | 360-358 |
| Nectanebo II | 358-342 |
| Ochus | 342-337 |
The XXVII Dynasty Restored
340-331 B.C.
| Artaxerxes III | 340-338 |
| Arses | 338-336 |
| Darius III | 336-331 |
Macedonian Kings
| Alexander III (the Great) | 331-323 |
| Philip III (Arrhidaeus) | 323-317 |
| Alexander IV | 323-310 |
The Ptolemies
305-30 B.C.
| Ptolemy I (Soter I) | 321-283 (crowned himself in 305) |
| Ptolemy II (Philadelphus) | 285-246 |
| Ptolemy III (Euergetes I) | 246-222 |
| Ptolemy IV (Philopator) | 222-204 |
| Ptolemy V (Epiphanes) | 204-181 |
| Ptolemy VI (Philometor) | 181-145 |
| Ptolemy VII (Philopator Neos) | 145 |
| Ptolemy VIII (Euergetes II) | 163-116 |
| Ptolemy IX (Soter II) | 116-80 |
| Ptolemy X (Alexander I) | 116-88 |
| Ptolemy XI (Alexander II) | 80 |
| Ptolemy XII (Auletes) | 88-58 and 55-51 |
| Berenice | 58-55 |
| Cleopatra VII | 51-30 |
| Ptolemy XIII | 51-47 |
| Ptolemy XIV | 47-44 |
| Ptolemy XV (Caesarion) | 44-30 |
(Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire.)
Kush, the Meroitic era
590 B.C. - 320 A.D. (most dates after 350 B.C. are approximations)
| Aspelta | 593-568 B.C. |
| Amtalqa | 568-555 |
| Malenaqen | 555-542 |
| Analmaye | 542-538 |
| Amani-natake-lebte | 538-519 |
| Karkamani | 519-510 |
| Amaniastabarqa | 510-487 |
| Siaspiqa | 487-468 |
| Nasakhma | 468-463 |
| Malewiebamani | 463-535 |
| Talakhamani | 435-431 |
| Amani-nete-yerike | 431-405 |
| Baskakeren | 405-404 |
| Harsiotef | 404-369 |
| [unknown king] | 369-350 |
| Akhraten | 350-335 |
| Nastasen | 335-310 |
| Aktisanes | 310-270 |
| Aryamani | ? |
| Kash...merj Imen | ? |
| Irike-Piye-qo | ? |
| Sabrakamani | ? |
| Arkamani-qo (Ergamenes) | 270-260 |
| Amanislo | 260-250 |
| Aman...tekha | 250-235 |
| Arnekhamani | 235-218 |
| Arqamani | 218-200 |
| Tabriqo (Adikhalmani?) | 200-190 |
| [2 unknown kings] | 190-170 |
| Shanakdakhete | 170-150 |
| [unknown king] | 150-130 |
| Naqyrinsan | 130-110 |
| Tanyidamani | 110-90 |
| [unknown king] | 90-50 |
| [unknown queen] | ? |
| Nawidemak | ? |
| Amanikhabale | 50-40 |
| Teriteqas | 40-10 |
| Amanirenas | |
| Akinidad | |
| Amanishakheto | 10-1 B.C. |
| Natakamani | 1 B.C.- 20 A.D. |
| Amanitore | |
| Arikhankharer | |
| Arikakahtani | |
| Shorkaror | 20-30 A.D. |
| Pisakar | 30-40 |
| Amanitaraqide | 40-50 |
| Amanitenmemide | 50-62 |
| Amanikhatashan | 62-85 |
| Teritnide | 85-90 |
| Teqerideamani I | 90-114 |
| Tamelerdeamani | 114-134 |
| Adeqetali | 134-140 |
| Takideamani | 140-155 |
| Tarekeniwal | 155-170 |
| Amanikhalika | 170-175 |
| Aritenyesbokhe | 175-190 |
| Amanikhareqerem | 190-200 |
| Teritedakhatey | 200-215 |
| Aryesbokhe | 215-225 |
| [unknown king] | 225-246 |
| [unknown king] | 246 |
| Teqerideamani II | 246-266 |
| Maleqorobar | 266-283 |
| Yesbokheamani | 283-300 |
| [2 unknown queens] | 300-320 |
| [unknown king] | 320-355? A.D. |
(Kush overthrown by the Ethiopian kingdom of Axum.)
© Copyright 2004 Charles Kimball
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